Approved checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer: which drug should be used when?

Which treatment option should be used?

Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Bladder Cancer

Metastatic urothelial cancer (UC) recurring after cisplatin based combination chemotherapy represents an incurable condition for which treatment with second line chemotherapy is almost always unsuccessful in achieving prolonged remissions. The recent introduction into the therapeutic armamentarium of immune checkpoint inhibitors can potentially be a “game changer”, although success currently re...

MRS Shimming: An Important Point Which Should not be Ignored

Introduction: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a well-known device for analyzing the biological fluids metabolically. Obtaining accurate and reliable information via MRS needs a homogeneous magnetic field in order to provide well-defined peaks and uniform water suppression. There are lots of reasons which can disturb the magnetic field homogeneity which can be corrected by a proc...

Different Stroke Scales; Which Scale or Scales Should Be Use?

Background: There has been considerable development in the clinometric of stroke. But, researcher is concerned that some scales are too generic, inherently and the insight may not be provided. The current study was conducted to determine which scale or scales should be used in stroke survivors. Methods: We selected 67 studies which published between January 2010 and December 2018 from Up to d...

cancer, a big monster, which should be defeated / the editorial

cancer remains a major cause of death worldwide. huge research and identification of several markers have resulted in better understanding of its mechanism. researches focusing on cancer stem cells and their role in metastasis will help the scientific community to propose the therapeutic approaches for treatment of this monstrous disease. interest of governmental agencies and inter-communicatio...